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The Shanghai Exhibition Centre() or the Shanghai Exhibition Hall () is an exhibition and convention centre and major landmark located in central Shanghai, China. The building was built in 1955 as the Sino-Soviet Friendship Building () to commemorate the alliance between China and the Soviet Union, a name by which many locals still refer to the building. Reflecting its original name, the design draws heavily on Russian and Empire style neoclassical architecture with Stalinist neoclassical innovations. The building is a major landmark in Shanghai. At 93,000 square metres, it is one of the largest integrated building complexes in central Shanghai by footprint. At 110.4 metres (to top of spire), it was for decades (1955-1988) the tallest building in Shanghai. Its main frontage, an open quadrangle with an elaborate central tower, faces Yan'an Road, today the main east-west artery across central Shanghai, while its secondary façade, a colonnade, faces West Nanjing Road, one of the premier retail and commercial streets of Shanghai. ==History== The Shanghai Exhibition Centre stands on the site of early 20th century magnate Silas Aaron Hardoon's home, Aili Garden, but more commonly known as "Hardoon Garden". Hardoon used his influences and positions in both the Shanghai International Settlement and Shanghai French Concession to buy up this large lot in what was even then becoming prime real estate in the city, and began building his residence in 1904. Completed in 1910 and expanded in 1919, Hardoon Garden was for a long time Shanghai's largest and most elaborate private garden. By the time of Hardoon's death in 1931, the garden included within its grounds a theatre, a pagoda, a stone boat, a school, a university and an academy of classical Chinese language and culture. Hardoon's wife Liza went into seclusion after Hardoon's death, and the garden became neglected. Liza died in 1941 and was buried in the garden. Later that year, with the outbreak of the Pacific War, Hardoon Garden was occupied by the Japanese army until the end of the war. Neglect, and looting by the Japanese military during the war and locals after the war, reduced the Hardoon Garden to a desolate state by the time the Communist Party of China took over Shanghai in 1949. When Hardoon's heirs fled Shanghai, the new government confiscated the garden. To pay homage to the Soviet Union, the Communist Party leadership decided in the early 1950s to hold an exhibition in Shanghai in 1955 on the Soviet Union's economic and cultural achievements in the 37 years since the October Revolution. In 1953, the Hardoon Garden site was chosen for the construction of a new building to house this exhibition.〔(中苏友好大厦建设始末 ) (Construction of the Sino-Soviet Friendship Building), Shanghai Municipal Archives, 8 October 2012.〕 On 4 May 1954 construction on the Sino-Soviet Friendship Building began. The building was completed on 5 March 1955. The Soviet exhibition was held from 15 March 1955 to 15 May 1955. In 1956, the building hosted its first political meeting - the first conference of the Shanghai branch of the Communist Party of China. Until 2011, when the meetings moved to the new Expo Centre, the building also hosted the annual plenary meetings of Shanghai Municipality's People's Congress (parliament), and People's Political Consultative Conference, making the building Shanghai's ''de facto'' municipal parliament building. From 1959, the Sino-Soviet Friendship Building also housed a permanent industrial exhibition, the Shanghai Industrial Exhibition. In the 1950s and 60s, it was an unwritten rule of urban planning followed by the Shanghai government that no new building could exceed in height the red star at the top of the building's central tower.〔 On 11 May 1968, as a result of the Sino-Soviet split, the building's name was changed to the Shanghai Exhibition Hall. In 1978, the Shanghai Industrial Exhibition became the Shanghai Industrial Exhibition Hall, resulting in the two different names both being applied to the building. On 9 June 1984, the bodies managing the building were amalgamated into the Shanghai Exhibition Centre, by which name the building subsequently became known. The Shanghai Exhibition Centre remains the name of the state-owned enterprise which manages the building and its exhibition and convention business. A major renovation and realignment was completed in 2011 to upgrade facilities and to re-organise the complex with a scheme concentrating exhibition space in the southern part of the complex and conference space in the northern part. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shanghai Exhibition Centre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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